National and firm competitiveness: a general research model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for connecting macro‐ and micro‐level research on competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach Based on some major international survey research reports (by the WEF, IMD, OECD, and the EU) and research experience, a gap is described between national and firm level competitiveness studies. A reasoning why filling this gap is discussed and a general research model connecting the two levels by using Porter's diamond model is developed. Findings By using appropriate definitions of national and firm competitiveness and the diamond model a meaningful connection of the two levels can be created, which is useful both for connecting recent research results and as a foundation for further research. Research limitations/implications Though the model is based on actual research experiences, its real value will become apparent after having it applied in concrete projects. This process is ongoing. Practical implications The model is a very useful tool in analysing real world situations, from economic policy issues to strategic management. Originality/value The paper is a result of extended research on competitiveness and provides a new model for further analyses in a very important field.