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The self-consistent charge distribution in covalently bonded crystals and molecules is divided into two components, an atomic and a bonding part. Both can be calculated in elemental crystals from macroscopic dielectric properties. The theory is easily generalized to treat heteropolar and anisotropic effects, lattice vibrations, dipole and quadrupole moments, and bond lengths in large molecules.
J. C. Phillips (Mon,) studied this question.