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Race and ethnicity are closely related, contentious concepts that have been abused and misinterpreted through history, but have a vast potential for good, at least in the health sciences. This article is not intending to elaborate on the conceptual foundations of race and ethnicity; I have addressed that elsewhere and summarized my stance in the glossary reprinted below in the Appendix. The terminology used here follows the glossary. Assuming that the conceptual foundations of my stance are reasonable, the questions addressed here focus on public health and its primary health science, epidemiology, in a European context. The questions are simple ones: 1. In epidemiology and public health what are we trying to achieve when we use the concepts of race and ethnicity? 2. What would we lose by rejecting these concepts? 3. If we do not reject them, how do we put the concepts into operation to help achieve our goals? 4. What practical actions can result from the application of these concepts in order to improve the health and well-being of populations?
Raj Bhopal (Sun,) studied this question.