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Graphical elements have been found very useful when spoken dialogue systems are developed and demonstrated. However, most of the spoken dialogue systems are designed for speechonly interaction and are very hard to extent to contain graphical elements. We introduce a general model to visualize speech interfaces. Based on the model we present an implemented visualization framework, and several example visualizations for demonstrations, debugging, and interactive tutoring of speech applications. 1.
Hakulinen et al. (Sun,) studied this question.