What question did this study set out to answer?

This research focuses on developing safe and efficient methods for synthesizing nucleophilic fluorinating reagents from potassium fluoride (KF).

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June 1, 2026

Synthesis of novel nucleophilic fluorinating reagents derived from KF

Key Points

This research focuses on developing safe and efficient methods for synthesizing nucleophilic fluorinating reagents from potassium fluoride (KF).
Synthesis of amine-3HF complexes via cation exchange of KF with Amberlyst 15DRY to generate HF in situ.
Preparation of R4NF(HFIP)3 complexes using ion exchange between KF and R4NBr in a HFIP/CH2Cl2 co-solvent system.
Efficient synthesis of various amine-3HF complexes demonstrated through in situ HF generation.
A straightforward route to R4NF(HFIP)3 complexes was established utilizing ion exchange methods.

Abstract

Abstract We present safe, convenient methods for synthesizing nucleophilic fluorinating reagents—specifically amine-3HF and R4NF(HFIP)3 complexes—using KF as a sustainable fluorine source. Cation exchange between KF and Amberlyst 15DRY generates HF in situ, enabling the efficient synthesis of various amine-3HF complexes. Alternatively, ion exchange between KF and R4NBr in an HFIP/CH2Cl2 co-solvent system provides a straightforward route to R4NF(HFIP)3 complexes. This review outlines the theoretical background, synthetic strategies, achievements, and future prospects of these KF-derived reagents.

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Cite This Study

Homma et al. (Sat,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1d221f02fbce9130637df5 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1093/chemle/upag105

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