The Nusantara new capital city has been a national strategic program based on Indonesian's sustainable forest city concept. In the future, there will be a migration of 1.9 million people from different islands, indigenous, and religions, carrying their own cultures. It will suppress the existence of local cultures. Local culture lives in harmony with nature, but massive development will impact the presence of forests and their culture. This research aims to document various local cultures related to ethnobiology (plants and wildlife) of the indigenous in the Nusantara region and its surroundings (Dayak, Paser, and Kutai). The research was conducted through structured interviews with the selection of respondents using the snowball sampling method, which started with local customs leaders. Validate the plant species used by taking herbarium samples, while wildlife is based on animal field guides. The plant and animal species are identified for their conservation status and used as food, medicine, cultural rituals, ornaments, accessories, buildings, tools, and materials. A total of 515 used citations were for plants, and 450 citations were for animals. Based on the Relative Frequency of Citations (RFC) value, respondents often mentioned using plants, such as Calamus sp. (Dayak's RFC 0.57; Kutai's RFC 0.20; Paser's RFC 0.59), Bambusa sp. (Dayak's RFC 0.33; Kutai's RFC 0.10; Paser's RFC 0.22), Pandanus sp. (Kutai's RFC 0.23), and Peronema canescens (Paser's RFC 0.30). Agathis borneensis is the only endangered plant category; nine other species are vulnerable. No plant species were listed on CITES, and only Borassodendron borneense was protected. The animals most used are Sus barbatus (Dayak's RFC 0.50), Hystrix bracyura (Dayak's RFC 0.37; Paser's RFC 0.37), Hemibagrus sp. (Kutai's RFC 0.53), Chana striata (Dayak's RFC 0.30; Kutai's RFC 0.47), Muntiacus muntjak (Paser's RFC 0.37), and Rusa unicolor (Dayak's RFC 0.33; Paser's RFC 0.37). Two animal species are critically endangered (Manis javanica, Nasalis larvatus), 19 are protected, and Appendix I CITES listed are Helarctos malayanus, M. javanica, and N. larvatus. The essential plant species for local peoples should be a priority in developing a forest city for cultural and wildlife sustainability.
Atmoko et al. (Thu,) studied this question.