Karshya in Children: An Ayurvedic Perspective With Special Reference to Protein Energy Malnutrition

Karshya is an Ayurvedic clinical condition characterized by undernourishment, depletion of body tissues, reduced strength, and predominance of Vata Dosha. In children, this state bears close resemblance to Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), which remains an important cause of morbidity, impaired growth, and mortality in many developing countries. Ayurveda explains childhood emaciation through concepts such as Agnimandya (impaired digestive-metabolic function), Apatarpana (insufficient nourishment), and Dhatu Kshaya (tissue depletion). Modern medicine recognizes PEM as a spectrum ranging from underweight to severe acute malnutrition, marasmus, and kwashiorkor. This review critically correlates Ayurvedic descriptions of Karshya with modern biomedical understanding of PEM. Classical etiological factors, pathogenesis, signs and symptoms, diagnostic principles, preventive measures, and management strategies are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on integrative care combining nutritional rehabilitation, correction of digestive dysfunction, Rasayana therapy, and public health interventions. Such a holistic approach may improve growth, immunity, and long-term child health outcomes.