DDoS: Distributed denial of service attack in communication standard vulnerabilities in smart grid applications and cyber security with recent developments

Smart grid system is evident with control technologies and digital communications systems. The cyber–physical system is a critical infrastructure connected with complex drives and devices. The modern smart grid’s prominent communication standard adopts high scalability, supports numerous communication devices’ input/outputs, and has multi-vendor interoperability. Cyber-attack leads to an unstable power grid system and enormous economic loss. Throughout different cyber-attack, distributed denial of service attack is mostly destructive to smart grid infrastructure. This paper investigates smart grid cyber security systems and the communication vulnerabilities of other communication protocols. A comprehensive study on distributed denial of service attack techniques and detection approaches is present. Finally, examine a new hybrid machine learning-based distributed denial of service attack detection technique for a sustainable smart grid system.