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Energy harvesting (EH)-powered wireless communications have attracted great attention from both industry and academia. However, the available energy, which relies on EH efficiency, will become another nonnegligible factor when we do research on EH-powered wireless communications. This paper studies the resource allocation problems in terms of spectrum and energy under EH-powered Device-to-Device (D2D) Communication underlaying Cellular Network (EH-DCCN). In this network, D2D pairs powered by EH are allowed to reuse the spectrum resources occupied by Cellular Users (CUs). To investigate the resource allocation problems, a sum-rate maximization problem of the whole cellular network with consideration of Quality of Service (QoS) and available energy constraints is formulated. The maximization problem is a nonconcave mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem, which has been proved to be NP-hard. To solve the problem, we first relax it with a concave lower bound on the original problem and then obtain the theoretical performance of the lower bound by Outer Approximation Algorithm. Moreover, a heuristic algorithm, an Energy-aware Space Matching approach (ESM), is proposed to acquire a suboptimal solution with low computational complexity. Finally, numerical simulation results indicate our considered resource allocation strategy is more effective than the strategy only based on channel state information under the EH-DCCN. Moreover, the performance in aspects of the sum rate and the matching probability shows that the ESM can approximately obtain the theoretical performance of the lower bound on the original problem under the scenarios with higher ratio of CU and EH-powered D2D numbers.
Luo et al. (2017) studied this question.