Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may affect up to 3% of the adult population. Knowledge of its cardinal features and diagnostic criteria allows physicians to identify unrecognized cases and rule out incorrect self-diagnosis. Inattention and distractibility, impulsivity, and hyperactivity are the classic symptom triad of ADHD, but adults often lack the full symptom complex, especially hyperactivity. Mood-associated symptoms (eg, low frustration tolerance, irritability) are often present. Since the diagnosis is a clinical one, a comprehensive interview is the most important diagnostic procedure. Rating scales, collateral reports, and neuropsychological testing can be useful and should be part of any rigorous assessment for the disorder. When a definitive diagnosis is not possible, a trial of pharmacologic therapy may be appropriate.