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Abstract A bulk mass‐flux convection parametrization for deep and shallow convection is presented that includes an efficient and straightforward treatment of numerics, moist thermodynamics and convective downdraughts. The scheme is evaluated in a single‐column model context for a tropical deep‐convective period and a trade‐wind cumulus case. Preliminary applications in a global numerical weather‐prediction model and a mesoscale model are also discussed. The results suggest that the present scheme provides reasonable solutions in terms of predicted rainfall, and tropical temperature and moisture structures. The application of the scheme to various scales is supported by the use of a convective available potential energy convective closure that assures a smooth interaction with the large‐scale environment and efficiently suppresses conditional instability of the second kind‐like spin‐up processes on the grid‐scale. Finally, the theoretical and practical limits of the present approach are discussed together with possible future developments.
Bechtold et al. (Sun,) studied this question.