The Rest‐Frame Optical Luminosity Functions of Galaxies at 2≤z≤3.5

We present the rest-frame optical (B, V, and R band) luminosity functions (LFs) of galaxies at 22 are consistent with those at z~0. The characteristic magnitudes are significantly brighter than the local values (e. g. , ~1. 2 mag in the R band), while the measured values for Phiₛtar are typically ~5 times smaller. The B-band luminosity density at z~2. 3 is similar to the local value, and in the R band it is ~2 times smaller than the local value. We present the LF of Distant Red Galaxies (DRGs), which we compare to that of non-DRGs. While DRGs and non-DRGs are characterized by similar LFs at the bright end, the faint-end slope of the non-DRG LF is much steeper than that of DRGs. The contribution of DRGs to the global densities down to the faintest probed luminosities is 14%-25% in number and 22%-33% in luminosity. From the derived rest-frame U-V colors and stellar population synthesis models, we estimate the mass-to-light ratios (M/L) of the different subsamples. The M/L ratios of DRGs are ~5 times higher (in the R and V bands) than those of non-DRGs. The global stellar mass density at 2<z<3. 5 appears to be dominated by DRGs, whose contribution is of order ~60%-80% of the global value. Qualitatively similar results are obtained when the population is split by rest-frame U-V color instead of observed J-K color.