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Visual errors in the two horizontal directions and of three different sizes were produced instantaneously and presented in random order to 10 Ss. The errors were corrected through the movement of a joy stick. The joy stick responses were analyzed electrically into time plots of position, rate, acceleration and the third derivative of acceleration (Δ acceleration). The following generalizations seem justified: a. As the visual error increases, (1) the S applies more force in the direction of motion and also more braking force; (2) he applies and removes these forces at a greater rate; and (3) he applies these forces over a slightly greater period of time. b. Throughout the course of any one motion, force varies continuously… . The time relations of these corrective motions are such that it appears that once started, the motions run off without visual or kinesthetic guidance… . The latter finding suggests that control in target tracking is an intermittent rather than a continuous process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Taylor et al. (Thu,) studied this question.