The counterregulatory protective axis of the RAAS, characterized by ACE2, Ang 1-7/MasR, and Ang 1-9, plays an important role in preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular remodeling.
In the last two decades, the study of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has revealed a counterregulatory protective axis. This protective arm is characterized by ACE2/Ang 1-7/MasR and Ang 1-9 that largely counteracts the classic arm of the RAAS mediated by ACE/Ang II/AT1R/aldosterone and plays an important role in the prevention of inflammation, oxidative stress, hypertension, and cardiovascular remodeling. A growing body of evidence suggests that enhancement of this counterregulatory arm of RAAS represents an important therapeutic approach to facing cardiovascular comorbidities. In this review, we provide an overview of the beneficial effects of ACE2, Ang 1-7/MasR, and Ang 1-9 in the context of oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and organ damage.
Caputo et al. (Tue,) conducted a review in Cardiovascular comorbidities. Counterregulatory arm of RAAS (ACE2/Ang 1-7/MasR and Ang 1-9) vs. Classic arm of RAAS (ACE/Ang II/AT1R/aldosterone) was evaluated. The counterregulatory protective axis of the RAAS, characterized by ACE2, Ang 1-7/MasR, and Ang 1-9, plays an important role in preventing inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular remodeling.