An umbrella review of efficacy of digital health interventions for workers

Efficacy of digital health (d-Health) interventions on workers' physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and physiological outcomes remains unclear. This umbrella review searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar up to October 25, 2024. We identified 24 systematic reviews (SRs) and selected 130 individual studies from these SRs for analysis. The AMSTAR 2 tool rated the quality of most SRs as critically low. Narrative syntheses suggested that d-Health interventions could potentially improve all outcomes compared with no intervention. However, whether d-Health interventions outperform non-d-Health interventions remains uncertain. Meta-analyses showed a significantly small effect of d-Health interventions on step counts, sedentary/sitting time, and weight compared with no intervention, while d-Health interventions slightly improved only moderate-to-vigorous PA compared with non-d-Health interventions. Subgroup analyses identified potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., risk of bias, control conditions), which may vary between outcomes. Further high-quality studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of d-Health interventions.