A review of open pit mine and waste dump schedule planning

In seeking to maximise NPV (Net Present Value), open pit mining schedules depend on optimal sequencing of pit progress along with ore-waste segregation. Although extensively researched using mathematical models and linear programs dating from the late 1960s, this subject continues to evolve with the emergence of innovative approaches and new computational techniques. Whereas past models have focused almost exclusively on ore extraction as the principal cost-intensity factor, waste movement and handling are less well understood. However, as it comprises some of the largest operational and reclamation expenses, waste management has been progressively incorporated into the mine scheduling process, with dedicated studies commencing from 2007. This paper focuses on the impact of waste movement and placement on pit schedule optimisation, with strategic plans that honour both cost and environmental constraints.