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The Middle East economy in 1800 the economic consequences of the age of reforms, 1800-1850 the expansion of trade with Europe, 1800-1850 The Ottoman road to bankruptcy and the Anatolian economy, 1850-1881 Egypt, 1850-1882 - from foreign borrowing to bankruptcy and occupation the provinces of Greater syria, 1850-1880 - the economic and social tnesions of the 1850s and their consequences the Iraqi provinces, 1850-1880 Anatolia and Istanbul, 1881-1914 the Egyptian economy, 1882-19114 Mount Lebanon, Syria and Palestine, 1880-1914 the Iraqi provinces, 1880-1914.
Gran et al. (Sun,) studied this question.