High-density three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping of the right atrium was successfully performed in all 4 standing horses, collecting a median of 32,719 mapping points.
Is high-density three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping of the right atrium feasible in standing horses?
High-density three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping of the right atrium is feasible in standing horses, providing detailed activation patterns and guiding biopsy collection.
BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping is of potential interest in equine cardiology to identify arrhythmia mechanisms, characterise electroanatomical substrates and guide ablation strategies. OBJECTIVES: To describe three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping in standing horses. STUDY DESIGN: Research methodology, proof of concept study. METHODS: HD Grid Mapping Catheter with EnSite VelocityTM, Abbott Medical) was used for endocardial mapping of the right atrium. The P-wave on the surface ECG was used as a timing reference for simultaneous local activation time- and bipolar voltage-mapping. For a positional reference a 10-pole catheter (Abbott Medical) was placed in the caudal vena cava. RESULTS: Endocardial right atrial mapping guided by the three-dimensional mapping system and local electrograms was successfully performed in all four horses. A median of 32719 25499-65078 points, covering the entire right atrium, were collected. Three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping provided detailed information about activation patterns and electrogram-characteristics of the sinoatrial node, intervenous tubercle and cavotricuspid isthmus. Additionally, transvenous biopsy forceps connected to the mapping system were visualised on screen to guide biopsy collection. MAIN LIMITATIONS: The feasibility of electroanatomical mapping for the left atrium and in larger breeds requires further study. CONCLUSIONS: High-density three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping of the right atrium is feasible in the standing horse.
Hesselkilde et al. (Tue,) reported a other. High-density three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping was evaluated on Feasibility of endocardial right atrial mapping. High-density three-dimensional electroanatomical mapping of the right atrium was successfully performed in all 4 standing horses, collecting a median of 32,719 mapping points.
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