The Relative Effects of Guided Model, Model Only, Guide Only, and Practice Only Treatments on the Accuracy of Advanced Instrumentalists' Musical Performance

This study examined the relative effectiveness of four modeling conditions on instrumentalists' musical performance. Independent variables were (a) guided model, a combined verbal and aural example of a complex musical selection; (b) model only, an aural model only; (c) guide only, a verbal explanation only; and (d) practice only. Forty-four college music education students were randomly assigned to one of the conditions. Dependent variables were instrumentalists' correct notes, rhythm, dynamics, tempo, and phrasing/articulation. Subjects in the model only group attained significantly superior scores from all other groups. Subjects in the guided model group scored significantly higher than subjects in the guide only and practice only groups.