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This paper presents the development of a real-time “hardware-in-the-loop” simulation system, dedicated to evaluate the operation of an electric vehicle (EV) powertrain elements. Mathematical models of on-board battery pack and dc-to-dc converter, responsible for the EV power management, are described and validated. Addittionally, a simplified eletric motor drive system model is also presented. The proposed system is tested by means of the real-time simulation of the operation of an EV under a standard drive cycle.
Araújo et al. (Tue,) studied this question.