ADTCD: An Adaptive Anomaly Detection Approach Toward Concept Drift in IoT

The data collected by sensors is streaming data in the Internet of Things (IoT). Although existing deep-learning-based anomaly detection methods generally perform well on static data, they struggle to respond timely to streaming data after distribution changes. However, streaming data suffers from conceptual drift due to the highly dynamic nature of IoT. In network security, concept drift-oriented anomaly detection is a crucial task, because it can adjust the model to adapt to the latest data, and detect attacks in time. Existing streaming anomaly detection methods are confronted with some challenges, including the latency of model updates, the uneven importance of new data, and the self-poisoning due to model self-updates. To tackle the above challenges, we propose a knowledge distillation-based adaptive anomaly detection model toward concept drift, ADTCD. ADTCD transfers the knowledge of the teacher model to the student model and only updates the student model to reduce the delay. We construct an algorithm of dynamically adjusting model parameters, which dynamically adjusts model weights through local inference on new samples, in order to improve the model’s responsiveness to new distribution data, meanwhile solving the problem of uneven importance of new data. In addition, we adopt a one-class support vector-based outlier removal method to tackle the self-poisoning problem. In comprehensive experiments on seven high-dimensional data sets, ADTCD achieves an AUC improvement of 12.46% compared to the state-of-the-art streaming anomaly detection methods. Our future direction will focus on exploring the concept-drift problem using methods beyond autoencoders.