Upregulation of circulating plasma biomarkers, including MMPs, TIMP-1, ADMA, sRAGE, and TGF-β, has been linked to several congenital heart diseases and hereditary aortopathies.
Do plasma biomarkers predict the evolution of aortopathies associated with congenital heart malformations?
Circulating biomarkers such as MMPs, ADMA, sRAGE, and TGF-β show promise in predicting the evolution of congenital aortopathies, though pediatric data remains limited.
Dilatation of the aorta is a constantly evolving condition that can lead to the ultimate life-threatening event, acute aortic dissection. Recent research has tried to identify quantifiable biomarkers, with both diagnostic and prognostic roles in different aortopathies. Most studies have focused on the bicuspid aortic valve, the most frequent congenital heart disease (CHD), and majorly evolved around matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Other candidate biomarkers, such as asymmetric dimethylarginine, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products or transforming growth factor beta have also gained a lot of attention recently. Most of the aortic anomalies and dilatation-related studies have reported expression variation of tissular biomarkers. The ultimate goal remains, though, the identification of biomarkers among the serum plasma, with the upregulation of circulating MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) being reported in association to several aortopathies and related complications in recent research. These molecules are apparently quantifiable from the early ages and have been linked to several CHDs and hereditary aortopathies. Pediatric data on the matter is still limited, and further studies are warranted to elucidate the role of plasmatic biomarkers in the long term follow-up of potentially evolving congenital aortopathies.
Făgărășan et al. (Sat,) conducted a review in Aortopathies associated with congenital heart malformations. Plasma biomarkers (MMPs, TIMP-1, ADMA, sRAGE, TGF-β) was evaluated. Upregulation of circulating plasma biomarkers, including MMPs, TIMP-1, ADMA, sRAGE, and TGF-β, has been linked to several congenital heart diseases and hereditary aortopathies.