Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a predominant global cause of mortality, with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) representing a significant risk factor for life-threatening cardiovascular incidents. Our study aimed to assess the impact of an ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaves (PGLE) on adrenaline-induced LVH in rats by evaluating lipid metabolism, cardiac biomarkers, and oxidative stress indicators. Swiss Albino rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injections of adrenaline (100 µL) over 14 days to induce LVH. PGLE was administered via oral gavage at three graded dose levels (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body weight) for four weeks. The parameters measured included total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, troponin-I, superoxide dismutase, catalase activity, malondialdehyde levels, and liver enzymes (SGPT and SGOT). Adrenaline administration increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein levels while reducing high-density lipoprotein levels. Treatment with PGLE significantly ameliorated these lipid abnormalities and improved the ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight, suggesting a decrease in LVH. Histological examinations revealed a reduction in cardiac myocyte size in PGLE-treated rats. Furthermore, PGLE administration markedly lowered troponin-I levels, boosted superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and reduced malondialdehyde concentrations. PGLE also normalized liver enzyme levels, indicating reduced hepatic toxicity. The findings indicate that PGLE exerts potent lipid-lowering and antioxidant properties, mitigating cardiac remodeling in adrenaline-induced hypertrophic rats. Importantly, PGLE significantly decreased troponin-I levels, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic option for the prevention of LVH and associated cardiovascular conditions.
Sarker et al. (Wed,) studied this question.