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In this paper a class of linear constraints, also termed as derivative constraints, which is applicable to broad-band element space antenna array processors, is presented. The performance characteristics of the optimum processor with derivative constraints are demonstrated by computer studies involving two types of array geometries, namely linear and circular arrays. As a consequence of derivative constraints, the beam width in the look direction can be made as broad as desired and the beam spacings can be selected without fear of substantial signal suppression in the event of signal arrivals between beams. However, this increased beam width is achieved at the price of reducing array gain.
Er et al. (Thu,) studied this question.