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Two self‐esteem (SE) scales aimed to measure self‐esteem–conceptualized primarily (a) as the individual's ego‐integrated libidinous and aggressive drives and their derivatives (Basic SE), and (b) as the need to earn self‐esteem by competence and others' appraisal (Earning SE)–were developed and factor analysed. In order to construct‐ and cross‐validate the scales, they were related to other well‐known personality scales as well as to a projective technique (TAT) in two independent samples of first semester psychology students ( n = 153, n = 82). The empirical factor structure coincided well with the theoretical formulations. Basic SE showed concurrent validity being highly correlated ( p < 0.001) with both Rosenberg's and Coopersmith's self‐esteem scales and highly or moderately with Neuroticism, Extraversion (EPQ) and Test‐Anxicty (TAS) in both samples. Earning SE gained some construct validation by its relation to Type‐A scores (JAS) as well as to verbal fantasy stories on TAT‐pictures measuring Need of Achievement.
Forsman et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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