Rhythmic Gating of Hebbian Plasticity in a Modified Wilson–Cowan Model as a Mechanism for Stability–Plasticity Balance

This paper introduces a theoretical computational model that links large-scale brain activity with synaptic learning processes to address the stability–plasticity dilemma, a central challenge in neuroscience. By integrating Hebbian plasticity into a modified Wilson–Cowan framework and incorporating rhythmic modulation, the model demonstrates that learning occurs in phase-dependent “windows” structured by neural oscillations. This temporal organization allows continuous learning while preventing unstable synaptic growth. The findings provide a mechanistic explanation for how the brain balances stability and adaptability and suggest that disruptions in neural rhythms may contribute to learning difficulties, offering a theoretical foundation for rhythm-based interventions.