Hypothesis Any ordinary matter that becomes part of a sufficiently organised, long-lived structure and remains organised for billions of years may contribute to an accumulated gravitational effect beyond what is expected from its instantaneous visible mass alone. --- This paper contains the data from a series of tests exploring a simple question: Does the gravity normally attributed to dark matter increase with the persistence and organisation history of ordinary matter? The idea being tested is called Vhistory. Rather than introducing new particles, the tests investigate whether part of the inferred dark matter contribution can be represented by a history-dependent gravitational source associated with long-lived organised structure. What the data is ahowing - Better fit than the best competing CDM halo model in 118 of 143 SPARC galaxies - Median ΔBIC approximately +1 to 11 in favour of the Vhistory replacement model in all other tests (weak-lensing results, BOSS large-scale and more. Most interesting is The data was split into cleaner structure and messier structure. The cleaner structure was 88% better at predicting future gravity force increases. This chart is one of the data points explored, it compares standard spacetime gravity using normal matter only against the extra gravitational effect seen in the data, then compares that missing effect to the Vhistory prediction. The key result is that standard spacetime with normal matter alone does not explain the extra effect. But once matter becomes organised into a persistent structure, the Vhistory prediction starts closely tracking the observed extra gravity effect. In simple terms: the extra gravity appears to become explainable when ordinary matter becomes organised and remains organised over time * Blue line — spacetime with normal matter only This is the normal gravity calculation using only ordinary matter, like stars, gas, and visible structure. It says there should be no extra residual. * Orange line — observed extra gravity effect This is what the data says is still left over after the normal matter calculation. It is the “something extra” that needs explaining. * Green line — Vhistory predicted extra gravity effect This is your model’s prediction for that missing extra effect. This chart is one of the explored data points, it compares standard spacetime gravity using normal matter only against the extra gravitational effect seen in the data, then compares that missing effect to the Vhistory prediction. The key result is that standard spacetime with normal matter alone does not explain the extra effect. But once matter becomes organised into a persistent structure, the Vhistory prediction starts closely tracking the observed extra gravity effect. In simple terms: the extra gravity appears to become explainable when ordinary matter becomes organised and remains organised over time. Here’s the formula with each line explained clearly: GR + Vhistory can be written as: Gμν = 8πG(Tμν + Hμν) Gμν This represents spacetime curvature — in simple terms, the gravity being produced or observed. 8πG This is the normal gravitational coupling factor from General Relativity. Vhistory does not remove this part. Tμν This is the normal matter/energy source. In this chart, it means spacetime with ordinary matter only: stars, gas, baryonic matter, and normal visible structure. Hμν This is the Vhistory source term. It represents the extra effective gravitational contribution produced by accumulated organised structure history. So the formula means: Observed gravity = gravity from normal matter + gravity from accumulated structural history In the chart, the blue line represents the baseline case: Gμν ≈ 8πGTμν That means standard spacetime gravity with normal matter only. It sits at zero because the chart is showing the extra residual beyond normal matter, not total gravity. The orange line represents the observed extra gravitational residual. It shows that normal matter alone does not explain the full gravitational effect. The green line represents the Vhistory contribution: Hμν Once organised structure appears, the Vhistory term begins closely tracking the observed extra residual. So the chart is showing a transition from: Gμν ≈ 8πGTμν to: Gμν ≈ 8πG(Tμν + Hμν) In plain English: standard spacetime with normal matter alone leaves an unexplained gravity-like residual. Once matter becomes organised and persistent, Vhistory supplies the missing source term and predicts that extra gravitational effect much better. This also explains why the effect is not expected to be obvious in everyday Earth-scale experiments. Vhistory is not proposed as a simple “old matter has more gravity” effect. It is tied to large-scale, long-lived, organised structure and accumulated cosmic history. Earth objects are small, local, and constantly disturbed compared with galaxies and cosmic structures, so standard GR/Newtonian gravity remains the expected description at laboratory and planetary scales.
Mina Moussa (Fri,) studied this question.