The formation of the menstrual cycle is one of the most important biological events in the reproductive development of adolescent girls. Menarche marks the beginning of reproductive maturity, but the early years after the first menstruation are often characterized by physiological irregularity because the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis is still maturing. At the same time, menstruation is not only a medical and physiological process; it is also closely connected with hygiene, education, emotional well-being, school attendance, family communication, and social attitudes. International health organizations increasingly emphasize menstrual health as a key component of adolescent health, gender equality, and public health. According to ACOG, the menstrual cycle should be considered an additional “vital sign” in adolescent girls because menstrual patterns can provide important information about general health, endocrine function, nutrition, stress, and possible gynecological disorders.Recent global data also show that many schools still lack adequate menstrual health facilities. UNICEF and WHO reported in 2024 that only 39% of schools worldwide provide menstrual health education, and only 31% of schools globally have bins for menstrual waste in girls’ toilets. These figures demonstrate that menstrual hygiene culture remains an urgent issue in adolescent health education This article analyzes the physiological formation of the menstrual cycle among adolescent girls, the medical significance of normal and abnormal menstrual patterns, and the role of menstrual hygiene culture in protecting reproductive health. The study is based on scientific literature, international recommendations, and public health statistics. The findings show that timely education, access to hygienic products, supportive school environments, and early recognition of menstrual disorders are essential for improving adolescent girls’ health and quality of life
Tillayeva et al. (Sat,) studied this question.