This paper presents PSROS (Power-State Rolling Optimization with Status Enforcement), a rolling optimization framework for multi-electrolyzer systems to improve both economics and lifetime in power-to-hydrogen operations under renewable energy variability. PSROS accounts for operational constraints like minimum on/off times, ramp rates, load-dependent efficiency, and hot/cold start penalties affecting system lifetime. The framework operates in two stages: generating power setpoints within the prediction horizon considering unit heterogeneity, and enforcing operational constraints and economic gates during execution. Benchmarking PSROS against a baseline on representative spring and autumn days shows higher net revenue and efficiency, with reduced grid purchases, start/stop events, and same-gear rates, while increasing cross-unit power dispersion. These results indicate better multi-unit coordination and rational operation, maximizing revenue without sacrificing operational feasibility or lifetime. PSROS offers a practical, deployable solution for multi-electrolyzer systems, especially in scenarios involving heterogeneous fleets, battery storage, or grid integration, providing stable, minute-level online control suitable for real-world applications.
Zhang et al. (Mon,) studied this question.