In this Thematic factsheet, frequently performed painful and stressful procedures in cattle (e.g. identification marking, dehorning/disbudding, tail docking) are scrutinised. The biological background, legal requirements and focus areas for inspection are described.
Schenkenfelder et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: