Laoling tone sandhi

ABSTRACT: Previous studies of tone sandhi in Mandarin dialects have attributed tone sandhi motivations to phonotactics or allomorph listing due to the lack of phonetic or phonological grounding. They also observed that domains of sandhi rules within a dialect are either sensitive or non-sensitive to morphosyntactic configurations. In addition, the traditional parallelist framework of Optimality Theory (Prince and Smolensky 1993 2004) usually suffices in previous analyses of opaque sandhi patterns. This study presents the trisyllabic tone sandhi patterns of Laoling, a Northern Mandarin dialect. In contrast to past research, we show that (a) the tone sandhi rules are phonetically and phonologically motivated, (b) the sandhi rules can differ in structure-sensitivity, and (c) there are opaque sandhi patterns that challenge the parallelist OT framework. We propose a serialist analysis under Harmonic Serialism (McCarthy 2010). 摘要: 由于汉语方言变调经常缺乏明确的语音或音系动机，过去汉语方言研 究多使用特定语言的声调序位限制(phonotactics) 或词素变体 (allomorph listing)来解释变调的动因。过去研究也指出，汉语方言内 部的变调规则范畴仅可对句法构词敏感，或完全不敏感，但未发现结 构敏感性的内部差异。再者，针对具隐晦性的连读变调，过去优选理 论分析大多采用非派生之理论框架。本研究根据声学基频(F0)数据， 整理山东乐陵话连读变调在三字组的运作模式，提出乐陵方言变调的 语音与音系动机，且发现不同变调规则在结构敏感性上存在差异。本 文亦发现乐陵连续变调在三字组的运作存在音系隐晦性，且无法用传 统非派生之优选理论框架解释，故本文提出采用McCarthy(2010)的派 生优选理论(Harmonic Serialism)，对乐陵的变调隐晦性进行理论分析。