ABSTRACT This paper presents a developed iterative algorithm based on a Time‐Domain Electric Field Integral Equation (TD‐EFIE) formulation to analyze electromagnetic coupling in antenna systems. The primary objective is to determine the optimal immunity distance d that ensures mutual electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between two antennas when one is subjected to atransient electromagnetic field. The proposed methodology employs the Method of Moments (MoM) in the time domain, utilizing Laguerre polynomials as temporal basis functions for stable recursive solution through a Marching‐On‐in‐Degree (MOD) scheme. Space hybrid meshing techniques are applied to accurately model complex geometries. The core functionality of the algorithm consist in iteratively solving a coupled matrix system to compute transient induced currents, and comparing them with threshold values to determine the minimal safe separation distance. Validation through case studies—coupling between parabolic antennas and between a parabolic and a wire antenna demonstrates strong agreement with commercial simulator FEKO, confirming the algorithm's accuracy and computational efficiency. An evaluation of the proposed algorithms is conducted with respect to their computational complexity, CPU requirements, efficiency, and residual error. The resulting matrix system exhibits a computational complexity of where N and M denote spatial and temporal degrees of freedom, respectively. Compared with simulations performed using FEKO, the proposed algorithm achieves up to 40× reduction in CPU time while maintaining strong accuracy agreement.
Khaled et al. (Fri,) studied this question.