Consensus on procedures to include in a simulation‐based curriculum in ophthalmology: a national Delphi study

PURPOSE: The number of available simulation-based models for technical skills training in ophthalmology is rapidly increasing, and development of training programmes around these procedures should follow a structured approach. The aim of this study was to identify all technical procedures that should be integrated in a simulation-based curriculum in ophthalmology. METHODS: Key opinion leaders involved in the education of ophthalmologists in Denmark including heads of departments, heads of clinical education, professors and board members of the society were invited to participate in a three-round Delphi process. Round 1 aimed at identifying technical procedures that physicians should be able to perform competently when completing specialty training; round 2 involved characterization of each procedure including frequency, number of operators, risk and/or discomfort for patients associated with an inexperienced physician, and feasibility of simulation-based training; round 3 included a priority ranking of procedures. RESULTS: The response rate for each round was 71%, 64% and 64%, respectively. Sixty-five procedures were reduced to 25 prioritized procedures during the three rounds. Two-thirds of the procedures that were identified and highly prioritized were therapeutic procedures such as intravitreal injection therapy, yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser iridotomy/capsulotomy, minor ocular surface procedures and retinal argon laser therapy. The diagnostic procedures that were prioritized were ocular ultrasound, superficial keratectomy and optical coherence tomography (OCT). CONCLUSION: The Delphi process identified and prioritized 25 procedures that should be practised in a simulation-based environment to achieve competency before working with patients. The list may be used to guide the development of future training programmes for ophthalmologists.