This article develops a new theory of time grounded in the Philosophy of Belonging. It argues that reality unfolds simultaneously through two fundamental temporal dimensions: synchronic time and diachronic time. Synchronic time generates continuity, relational structure, identity, and belonging, while diachronic time generates novelty, emergence, historical transformation, and imperfect belonging. The article proposes that temporal duality constitutes the deepest ontological structure of reality. Building upon four principles of the Philosophy of Belonging—being is belonging, belonging is always imperfect, reality is stratified, and reality unfolds through synchronic and diachronic time—it develops a unified framework linking ontology, complexity, non-ergodicity, evolution, institutions, civilization, and meaning. The paper argues that increasing complexity from material to biological and human reality intensifies diachronicity and non-ergodicity, making the future progressively less reducible to the past. Institutions are interpreted as adaptive technologies of belonging that allow human beings to navigate an open and rapidly changing universe. The resulting framework offers an integrated interpretation of time, existence, history, creativity, and civilization, proposing that reality continuously generates new forms of belonging through the interaction of continuity and transformation.
Carlos Federico Obregon Diaz (Mon,) studied this question.