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Parkinsons disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills in more than 6 million people worldwide It is the second most common progressive disease, after dementia 2 caused by Alzheimer disease (AD) The occurrence of the PD is associated with age (increase with aging) 4, sex (males are more effected than females), and race (whites are more diagnosed than African Americans and Latinos) The PD symptoms can be categorized in motor and non-motor group. Motoric PD symptoms differ with the stage of the disease, and are usually manifested after the 80% of neurodegeneration They include bradykinesia (slow initiation of movement), tremor, inability to pass over the obstacles, problems with balance, and forward-leaning gait Non-motor symptoms associated with the PD are dementia, mood swings, hypersexuality, depression, apathy, anxiety, impulsiveness, and others Recently it was suggested that loss of olfactory ability is associated with onset of the PD and olfactory tests can be potentially used as early sensitive clinical marker
Čeprnja et al. (Sun,) studied this question.