What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to introduce a modification to the ΛCDM model to address the Hubble tension issues observed in cosmology.

June 20, 2026

Alleviating the Hubble tension with the Λωs CDM model

Key Points

The aim is to introduce a modification to the ΛCDM model to address the Hubble tension issues observed in cosmology.
Developed a new Λωs CDM model incorporating a barotropic fluid component.
Performed a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis using Planck 2018 CMB, DESI DR2, and Pantheon+SH0ES data.
Evaluated constraints on additional parameters of the model based on cosmological data.
The Hubble constant was found to be increased to an estimated value of [Formula: see text] km/s/Mpc.
Introduced parameters indicate that the barotropic factor and normalized density yield significant changes in cosmological predictions.
The new model effectively alleviates the Hubble tension compared to traditional cosmological models.

Abstract

We formulate a novel extension of the Formula: see textCDM model, named Formula: see textCDM, in which we consider an additional term at early times in order to alleviate the Hubble tension. This additional component, referred to as matter with pressure, indicates a barotropic fluid that is subdominant to dust and radiation as the Universe expands, thereby recovering the Formula: see textCDM paradigm at late times. We constrain the Formula: see textCDM cosmology by performing a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis with Planck 2018 CMB, DESI DR2, and Pantheon+SH0ES data. The results suggest that the barotropic factor and the normalized density of the new fluid are given, respectively, by Formula: see text and Formula: see text. With these two additional parameters, the Hubble constant is increased to Formula: see text km/s/Mpc, alleviating de facto the Hubble tension.

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