Abstract Laryngeal cancer imaging research lacks standardised public datasets to enable reproducible deep learning (DL) model development. We present LaryngealCT, a curated benchmark of 1,029 computed tomography (CT) scans aggregated from six collections from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). Uniform 1 mm isotropic volumes of interest encompassing the larynx were extracted using a weakly supervised parameter search framework validated by clinical experts. Six 3D DL architectures (custom 3D CNN, ResNet18/50/101, DenseNet121 and MedicalNet-pretrained ResNet50) were benchmarked on (i) early (Tis–T2) vs. advanced (T3–T4) and (ii) T4 vs. non-T4 classification tasks. On the independent test set, the 3D CNN achieved the strongest overall performance across global and per-class metrics (Accuracy = 0.854, F1-macro = 0.841) in early vs. advanced classification. In the T4 task, AU-ROC values exceeded 0.82 for most models, but sensitivity for T4 disease remained limited (≤ 0.412), with ResNet101 showing the most promising calibrated T4 recall (0.706). Model explainability assessed using GradCAM ++ with thyroid cartilage overlays for the T4 classification task revealed anatomically plausible peri-cartilage activations although spatial overlap remained modest. Through open-source data, pretrained models, and integrated explainability tools, LaryngealCT offers a reproducible foundation for AI-driven research to support future clinical decision-making in laryngeal oncology.
Roy et al. (Fri,) studied this question.