Higher β2-microglobulin levels were associated with lower psychological resilience in bivariate analyses (ρ = -0.24; p = 0.041), but this relationship was not significant in fully adjusted models (p = 0.107).
Cross-Sectional
Are metabolic-inflammatory biomarkers associated with psychological resilience in adults receiving maintenance hemodialysis?
Metabolic-inflammatory biomarkers like β2-microglobulin and serum albumin show potential but non-significant independent associations with psychological resilience in hemodialysis patients.
Effect estimate: ρ = -0.24
p-value: p=0.107
Background and Objectives: Psychological resilience is central to emotional adaptation in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Although psychosocial determinants have been widely studied, the role of routinely monitored biochemical markers remains insufficiently defined. Materials and Methods: This study examined the associations between selected metabolic–inflammatory biomarkers and psychological resilience in adults receiving maintenance HD and explored potential gender-related differences. Resilience was assessed using the Resilience Scale–14 (RS-14). β2-microglobulin, serum albumin, calcium, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were analyzed as continuous predictors. Multiple linear regression models with heteroscedasticity-consistent robust standard errors (HC3) were adjusted for age, HD vintage, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Two interaction terms (Gender × β2-microglobulin and Gender × albumin) were specified a priori. Model stability was evaluated using nonparametric bootstrap resampling (5000 iterations) and penalized regression with cross-validation. Results: In bivariate analyses, higher β2-microglobulin levels were associated with lower resilience (ρ = −0.24; p = 0.041), whereas serum albumin showed a positive but non-significant association (p = 0.14). These relationships did not remain statistically significant in fully adjusted models (β2-microglobulin: p = 0.107). No Gender × Biomarker interaction reached statistical significance (p = 0.162). Stratified analyses showed consistent directional patterns across gender groups. Conclusions: Metabolic–inflammatory biomarkers, particularly β2-microglobulin and serum albumin, may be associated with psychological resilience in HD. However, gender-specific effects were not supported in adjusted analyses. These findings require validation in larger, longitudinal, multicenter studies.
Fernández et al. (Mon,) conducted a cross-sectional in Maintenance hemodialysis. Metabolic-inflammatory biomarkers (β2-microglobulin, serum albumin, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D) was evaluated on Psychological resilience assessed using the Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14) (ρ = -0.24, p=0.107). Higher β2-microglobulin levels were associated with lower psychological resilience in bivariate analyses (ρ = -0.24; p = 0.041), but this relationship was not significant in fully adjusted models (p = 0.107).