Waist-to-hip ratio was the best anthropometric predictor of T2DM, while increased hip circumference did not always protect against T2DM, with 30-34% of T2DM patients in the highest quintile.
Observational (n=17,152)
Are anthropometric measurements of central and peripheral adiposity associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. adults?
Central adiposity is strongly associated with T2DM, and peripheral subcutaneous adiposity (measured by hip circumference) does not necessarily protect against metabolic disease.
BACKGROUND: Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is "pathogenic" through adverse endocrine and immune contributions to metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Increased VAT increases waist circumference (WC), and WC is a recommended anthropometric measure of pathogenic adipose tissue distribution. Increased subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is often described as "protective" against metabolic disease and frequently approximated by hip circumference (HC). METHODS: The Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes (SHIELD) evaluated a study sample weighted to reflect the U.S. adult population. Respondents diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; n = 3825) and without T2DM (n = 13,327) self-reported their weight and height, WC, and HC. RESULTS: T2DM men and women had a disproportionate increase in body mass index (BMI) and WC, with 30% of T2DM men and 40% of T2DM women having a WC within the highest quintile compared to the overall study population. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) appeared to be the best anthropometric predictor of T2DM. However, both T2DM men and women also had a disproportionate increase in HC, with 30% of T2DM men and 34% of T2DM women having a HC within the highest quintile, which was generally similar to the distribution of BMI and WHR. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis suggests that: (1) An increase in adipose tissue generally increases the risk of T2DM; (2) central adiposity is more pathogenic than peripheral subcutaneous adiposity; and (3) SAT accumulation, as assessed by increased HC, does not always "protect" against metabolic diseases such as T2DM.
Bays et al. (Wed,) conducted a observational in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=17,152). Anthropometric measurements (BMI, WC, HC, WHR) vs. Without T2DM was evaluated on Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Waist-to-hip ratio was the best anthropometric predictor of T2DM, while increased hip circumference did not always protect against T2DM, with 30-34% of T2DM patients in the highest quintile.