A Case Study on Advanced Detection and Management of Fugitive Methane Emissions in the Romanian Oil and Gas Sector

In the context of intensifying global efforts to mitigate climate change, methane emissions from the oil and gas sector have emerged as a critical environmental and regulatory challenge, given methane’s high global warming potential over short timeframes. This study investigates methane emissions from representative extraction and production of oil and gas facilities in Romania, focusing on fugitive emissions from wells and associated processing infrastructure. The research is grounded in the implementation of a comprehensive Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) program, aligned with OGMP 2.0 standards, and utilizes advanced detection technologies such as Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), Optical Gas Imaging (OGI), and Quantitative Optical Gas Imaging (QOGI). A systematic inventory and screening of thousands of components enabled the precise identification and quantification of methane leaks, providing actionable data for maintenance and emissions management. The findings highlight that, although the proportion of leaking components is relatively low, cumulative emissions are significant, with block valves, connectors, and compressor shaft seals identified as the most frequent sources of major leaks. The study underscores the importance of rigorous preventive and corrective maintenance, rapid leak remediation, and the adoption of modern detection and continuous monitoring technologies. The approach developed offers a robust framework for regulatory compliance and supports the transition from inventory-based to measurement-based emissions reporting, in line with recent European regulations. Ultimately, effective methane management not only fulfills environmental obligations but also delivers economic benefits by reducing product losses and enhancing operational efficiency, contributing to the decarbonization and sustainability objectives of the energy sector.