Assessment of Thyroid Dysfunction With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder that can significantly affect the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics and factors associated with thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patients. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 250 T2DM patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital between October 2025 and February 2026. Demographic data, clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters were collected and analyzed. Findings: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patients was 23.6%. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common type, followed by overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction was significantly higher in women than in males. Age, duration of diabetes, glycemic control and dyslipidemia were not significantly associated with thyroid dysfunction. Anti-TPO positivity is more prevalent in females with thyroid dysfunction Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction is a common co-morbidity in T2DM patients, particularly in females. Screening for thyroid dysfunction is recommended in T2DM patients, especially those with risk factors such as female gender and a family history of thyroid disease. The early detection and treatment of thyroid dysfunction can improve glycemic control and reduce the risk of complications in T2DM patients.