ABSTRACT This study investigated microbial contamination and associated health risks in spoiled mangoes and oranges from Edike Market, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. Two fruit samples were collected and analyzed for bacterial and fungal contaminants using standard culture techniques, biochemical tests, and antibiotic susceptibility assays. Bacterial loads ranged from 21 to 54 cfu/g in oranges and 32 to 48 cfu/g in mangoes, with fungal counts ranging from 11 to 41cfu/g in oranges and 10 to 20 cfu/g in mangoes, subsequently revealing significant microbial diversity. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed multidrug resistance in Klebsiella sp., moderate resistance in Corynebacterium sp., and low resistance in E. coli, raising serious public health concerns. The detection of E. coli, a fecal contamination indicator and Aspergillus flavus, a known aflatoxin producer, emphasizes the risks of foodborne illnesses and further exposure to toxic mycotoxins through consumption of improperly handled fruits. These findings demonstrate that poor handling, inadequate storage, and unsanitary market conditions contribute to microbial spoilage and potential health hazards. The study recommends improved hygiene practices during fruit handling, thorough washing of fruits before consumption and implementation of food safety systems such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) to minimize contamination. This work provides important localized data to inform targeted interventions aimed at reducing postharvest losses, enhancing fruit quality and protecting consumer health in Nigerian markets and other developing regions. Collectively, these efforts will help sustain consumer confidence in fresh produce while curtailing microbial contamination risks that threaten public health.
Agholor et al. (Mon,) studied this question.