Background This study intends to explore how sociodemographic characteristics, donation survey patterns, and variables affecting participants’ willingness to donate blood can be understood at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, between May 2022 and July 2025. The importance of having access to sufficient numbers of blood donors and how this affects patient care is paramount for healthcare systems operating in low-resource countries/regions, such as Nigeria. Analyzing the demographic characteristics and trends associated with blood donations is crucial for developing employment strategies that help create an adequate supply of blood. Methods A descriptive retrospective study was done on 427 systematically selected donor records out of 12,911 total documented donations. Data was taken from blood banks’ registers and analyzed with SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were utilized to explore relationships between donation practices and demographic variables. Results Most donors were males (89.9%) aged 21–30 years (63.5%), with a mean age of 27.7 years. Blood group O-positive was the most prevalent (61.8%). The Accident and Emergency ward had the highest blood demand. A statistically significant association was found between age and place of residence (p = 0.003). Annual donations declined steadily from 2022 to 2025, with July being the peak month. Voluntary (free) blood donations were rare, accounting for only 6.8% of total donations. Conclusion The study reveals a youthful, male-dominated donor population, with a marked decline in donations over the years and low levels of voluntary donation. To improve donation rates, targeted campaigns, expanded donor education, and incentives for voluntary donors are recommended. Recommendation The researchers recommend that teaching hospitals implement programs that promote blood donations in their communities, provide educational opportunities for blood donation recipients, and conduct mobile blood drives in order to serve underrepresented populations.
Elujekwute et al. (Sat,) studied this question.