A social enterprise management framework for creating hybrid value within public service ecosystems

Social enterprises (SEs) increasingly deliver public services while generating multiple forms of value. This study of 10 SEs uses 40 interviews from three different public service areas to reveal how hybrid value is created across different ecosystem levels. Hybrid value is shown to emerge through a range of interventions and enabling dimensions that generate individual, social, and public value. However, value creation is not always guaranteed, as tensions across ecosystem levels increase the risk of value co-destruction. Our primary contribution is a framework for hybrid value creation in public service ecosystems, advancing understanding of how value is created and sustained.