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During the 19th century and most of the 20th, taxonomy was an important, basic intellectual activity in medical science. All of the advances that now constitute basic knowledge in histopathology, pathology, pathophysiology, and anatomic cancer staging arose from careful observation of natural phenomena, which were then suitably classified into categories or clusters of categories that formed cogent subgroups. Taxonomic subgroups were also the source of fundamental progress in Darwinian biology and in Mendeleyev's construction of the periodic table for chemical elements.
Alvan R. Feinstein (Wed,) studied this question.