Directions of Innovative Activities in the Modern Agro-Industrial Complex Using the Example of Precision Farming

In the context of the digital transformation of Russia's agro-industrial complex, technological innovation is acquiring strategic importance. Ensuring food security, increasing labor productivity, and the competitiveness of domestic agricultural products are directly linked to the implementation of innovative solutions, among which precision farming technologies occupy a special place. In 2019, the departmental project "Digital Agriculture" was launched, but its goals were only partially achieved; the vector of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex was specified and further developed. In the Strategy for the Development of the Agro-Industrial and Fisheries Complex until 2030, one of the key tools for achieving national food security goals is the restoration of soil fertility. Precision farming is one of the advanced technologies for addressing this issue. Agricultural producers' continued interest in the use of integrated digital solutions in crop production is driven by the need to maintain high yields in changing climatic and economic conditions. The ability to obtain and process data on the condition of fields and crops in real time enables the determination of the degree and tactics of intervention. As ElectronAgro experts note, when acquiring digital technologies, it is important to evaluate the comprehensive impact of implementation, and management decision-making should be based on data obtained from physical objects and processed at the ontological level. The full precision farming cycle is still quite expensive for small and medium-sized businesses in the agricultural sector. Accumulated feedback, which provides statistically significant data for improving and developing precision farming, requires its large-scale application. Examples of areas for development of this technology include mathematical models of soil and crop dynamics, including those based on historical data, and remote sensing data using UAVs with test sites that can be provided by various agricultural producers, making them active participants in the process and creating additional sources of profit. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state and prospects for technological development in the agricultural sector, identify key factors influencing the implementation of precision farming technologies, and assess the economic efficiency of their application.