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Modern active distribution systems are increasingly integrating flexible loads capable of participating in Demand Response (DR) strategies. Leveraging this capability, the purpose of this research paper is to present two DR strategies that enhance the system’s operation and mitigate power quality issues, such as voltage drops, and congestion, by providing a smooth load curve, taking into consideration the available flexible load and the limitations of the system. The first DR strategy, DR-I, aims at smoothing the load curve on transformer level, and has its own solver developed, based on Lagrange’s method, while the second DR strategy, DR-C, aims at smoothing the load curve on substation level. Both approaches are demonstrated on a simplified model of Skiathos island’s distribution grid, in Greece, in the context of ENFLATE, a Horizon Europe project, taking into consideration the capabilities of the On Load Tap Changer (OLTC) and various PV penetration scenarios. According to the results, the proposed DR strategies enhance the power system’s operation, reducing the daily losses by up to 15.6 %. Moreover, they eliminate the voltage drops (below 0.95 p.u.) at all simulated cases and ensure that the voltage does not deviate from the average more than 3 % as well.
Fotopoulou et al. (2025) studied this question.