The core contradiction of Olbers’ paradox is as follows: if the universe is infinite, stars are distributed everywhere and keep radiating light, every line of sight of human beings will eventually meet the luminous surface of a star, and the night sky should be permanently brighter than daytime. In reality, however, the night sky is a dark background dotted with only a small number of visible stars. For hundreds of years, mainstream physicists have resorted to unsubstantiated hypotheses such as cosmic expansion, spacetime stretching and a finite cosmic age to patch up the contradiction, which is a typical practice of covering up genuine physical blind spots with fictional models. This paper strictly follows the fundamental axiom of the photonorigin theory: light is the sole primordial substance of the universe, all material entities are structures formed by bound photons, and propagation, energy loss through collisions with media, frequency shift and medium interaction of free photons constitute the primary laws of the universe. One conceptual error is corrected herein: spherical diffusion only changes the distribution density of photons; the energy of an individual photon does not decline spontaneously. Photonenergy loss occurs exclusively through interactive collisions with particles in interstellar media. This paper introduces key arguments including energy loss induced by collisions with interstellar media, energy dissipation of photons during longdistance travel, lifetime mismatch between celestial bodies and photontravel duration, differential screening of photons of different energy levels by the atmosphere, ionization and annihilation of highenergy gamma photons in the atmosphere, destructive effects of highenergy rays upon reaching the ground, the principle of highenergy cascade detection adopted by the Large HighAltitude AirShower Observatory (LHAASO), and the transmission of lowenergy visible light without destructive effects. Through a fivelayer closedloop logic covering the infinite scale of the universe, alternating propagation laws in vacuum and rarefiedmedium regions, photonenergy loss induced by collisions with media, lifetime mismatch between celestialbody evolution and photontravel duration, physical screening by the atmosphere, and safety thresholds for livingorganism observation, this paper thoroughly addresses centuryold interpretative loopholes in Olbers’ paradox. Meanwhile, it exposes core fallacies in conventional academic viewpoints: rather than starlight failing to set out from celestial bodies, light emitted by some stars becomes extinct during the longdistance travel of their photons; starlight reaching Earth either loses energy through collisions with interstellar media, shifts out of the visiblelight band, gets annihilated by atmospheric interactions, or brings fatal damage to living beings upon arrival. Visible light detectable by humans represents an extremely rare, safe and special subset among cosmic photons.
Jiaqing Yan (Wed,) studied this question.