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Abstract 1. Introductory.—Certain electro-chemical experiments, to be described in a subsequent communication, arose out of peculiarities which we noticed in the behaviour of a stream of mercury issuing from the lower, drawn-out, end of a vertical tube containing that liquid. The salient feature of the phenomena is the relation between the length of the continuous part of the liquid stream, called for convenience the “jet-length,” and the “head” under which the mercury is ejected. The experiments were made with orifices of diameters varying from about 0·25 mm. downwards to about 0·1 mm. It was found that the relation between the jet-length l and the head h depended appreciably upon the form of the nozzle through which the mercury escaped. For definiteness the nozzles were all constructed in the same way, namely by drawing out a piece of capillary tubing of about 1 mm. bore and severing it, as nearly as possible perpendicularly, at the centre of the constricted part. The nozzle so obtained tapered, in between 1 and 2 cm., from the original diameter of the tube to the diameter of the orifice and was very nearly cylindrical at the point of discharge. The values of the jet-length were determined by means of a cathetometer microscope.
Smith et al. (1917) studied this question.