Readmission rate among survived patients with acute respiratory failure: 1-year study

Abstract Context Critically ill patients, especially those with respiratory failure associated with multiple comorbidities, are at risk of recurrent ICU admission and consuming a significant portion of medical resources. Aim To study the risk factors and common etiologies of readmission among surviving patients with acute respiratory failure in Mansoura University’s respiratory intensive care unit during the year 2023. Settings and design This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients and methods This study included all patients with acute respiratory failure who were admitted to Mansoura University’s respiratory intensive care unit (RICU), from January 2023 to December 2023. Deceased patients after initial admission or those with incomplete data were not included in the study. All data related to patient’s demographics, type of respiratory failure, type of respiratory support, associated comorbidities, length of ICU stay, and causes of readmission were collected from the registration system database. Results Eight-hundred-thirty (830) cases that were admitted to the Mansoura University’s RICU with respiratory failure in the year 2023 were enrolled in the study, and 84 cases (10.1%) of them were readmitted. COPD exacerbation was the most common cause of readmission (35.7%) followed by pneumonia (21.4%) and OSA exacerbation (20.2%). Results showed that the significant independent predictors of readmission were being male AOR (95% CI ): 1.8 (1.01–3.1), p : 0.046, having organ failure (renal/liver) AOR (95% CI ): 29.9 (7.9–113.4), p ≤ 0.001, and length of ICU stay more than 12 days AOR (95% CI ): 4.8 (2.6–8.6), p ≤ 0.001. Also, the type of respiratory failure and the type of respiratory support received were significantly associated with readmission in the univariate analysis; however, they were insignificant in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion The rate of readmission was not high (only 10.3%). The most common causes of readmission were COPD exacerbation, followed by pneumonia and OSA exacerbation, respectively. Type of respiratory failure, male gender, the presence of other organ failure, and length of ICU stay are significant independent predictors of readmission in Mansoura University’s RICU during the year 2023. Therefore, higher-risk individuals should receive attention and careful assessment before discharge from the ICU to reduce the rate of readmission. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06291636.